The wonders of the evolution of organisms

 

Miracles of Life

What are the miracles of living beings? Words cannot explain the things of the senses like eyes, ears, nose and the incomparable beauty of the limbs like hands and feet. From tiny ant to human bodies, there may be numerous morphological differences, but what we see here is that there are no major differences in the genes that make them.

Charles Darwin,[1] known as the father of evolution, seems to be a bit of a coward. Although he could easily explain all the amazing shape characteristics of the world's organisms in the single theory of evolution[1A]... the intricacies of the structure of the human eye gave him fear. Darwin noted in a letter to a friend in 1860 that 'to this day the thought of eyes gives me chills.' Could 'natural selection' alone have given rise to amazing human eyes? Darwin himself could not believe it. Darwin is needlessly fearful. It is true that the philosophy he discovered was such that he himself trembled with fear. Many biologists have always had this fear...myself included. Modern bioinformatics and molecular biologists are discovering how all the complex systems found in living organisms are formed through gene regulation.

How eyes, wings, flowers, limbs sprout and their basic genes are being discovered. The amazing thing is that all the morphologies evolve so easily through simple small gene changes! "In some strange way all kinds of marvelous organs have evolved to become elegant and beautiful—simple," says scientist Howard Berg [2] for forty years he studied the filaments that are the organelles of bacteria. Think of what it would look like if a thousand bacteria could sit on the tip of a pin. Also consider how thin the single whisker-like filament that sticks out at one end of the bacterium is also think about how small the motor element is that helps that whip thread rotate 300 times per second.

A motor also has internal components, how does it spin without any electrical or wiring circuits? How could evolution have produced it? Let's see what the veteran Howard himself has to say about this? 'The idea is very simple, the bacteria will do something and make some changes in their genes. Is the change useful?". If not useful then the bacterium will die..if useful then nature will collect it...and more and more gene changes...will continue to be made in nature. At the end of the test...useful genes will be selected. The collection of those genes will be more..more Changes are how new forms and elements appear in nature.

Although Darwin had elaborated the secrets of the origin of miraculous organs in his book 'Origin of Species'[3] more than 150 years ago,Could it be that only blind natural selection produced the strange structures and their coordinated movements that are still found in living things? There are people who doubt that 'Creationist' are those who oppose the theories of evolution, Creationists (Creation-ist) are those who believe in 'God's creation'. Their verdict is that such marvelous structures as the microscopic bacterium with its delicate filamentous motor could not have been produced by the omnipotent intelligence of God but by mere physical movement and aimless natural selection. They concluded that God made or created all living things by his own efforts.

Many biologists have an unshakable faith in evolution. The most exciting line of research, they argue, is how organisms come to be through evolution. Today, tens of thousands of testimonies are included in the scientific journals. The systems found in living things are not formed in a couple of days or years. They have evolved over hundreds of millions of years. By comparing and studying the genes of organisms, we can learn how the changes occurred in the genes.

Even today it can be seen that its initial structure was very simple. Small changes in the middle are also clearly visible. The basic processes of evolution are now clearly explained. Even the smallest changes are clearly visible as subtle, tiny changes have been slowly carved out over millions of years. Any complex structure may also appear. It is common for old genes to change a little and make a new form - to use the same genes for another job without making any changes. Nature is indeed a frugal sculptor and a very patient one at that.

Sean Carrel[4] (Sean Carrel. University of Wisconsin. Madison) explains as follows how organs appear and grow in the fetus growing in the mother's womb, and how genes support it. If you visit the construction site after 6 pm every day, you will see the growth of the building day by day. It looks as if it has risen by itself. But if you go there during the day... you will see hundreds of people building the building brick by brick...

It is only known that the same people will build a completely different building. The only one different types of body building genes Cells, amazingly... function in all living things The same type of genes that build any organ be it an arm, a wing or a fin. There are ten trillion cells in the human body.

Unknowingly, ignorantly working together wonderfully A".... they form the whole body. "It's a wonderful dance" says Nicole King [5](University of California). In this process the cells migrate and become their own one should reach the place and perform the assigned task without forgetting. 600 million years ago, the foundation for this complex dance began. When living organisms that used to live with only one cell as their body gradually joined many cells together to form a body, the body building genes appeared.

Nicole King is a woman. He researches single-celled organisms only, choanoflagellate[6] is a single-celled organism. If you want this you need a microscope want that drop of water is an ocean and hundreds of tiny organisms swim by, at least some of which are almost certainly 'caenoflagellates'. Unlike other Protezoa,[7] these have unique necks and long filaments. When King investigated these, a few proteins surprised him. They are usually found in multicellular organisms.[8] "What's their job here," he wondered. Such proteins are usually found in multicellular organisms. It helps two cells stick together like glue. Not adhesives that stick to anything, but protein-based adhesives that can stick only between cells of their own species and insulate other cells.

Different cells have different types of adhesive proteins! Canoflagellates are always unique...why do they have adhesive proteins, they are used by germs such as bacteria that are floating around in water to stick to them. These proteins help bacteria stick to it like flies stick to oiled paper. Later, multicellular organisms evolved to use this same protein to recognize and adhere to their own cells. So the same gene seems to do different things at different times. A protein that is used for one purpose at one time is used for another purpose at another time. Evolution doesn't waste tools it once invented! You've seen the larvae of flies, white and the size of rice, and even though they're a tuber, they've already got a head-to-tail diagram on them.

Next, various gene clusters act together to define the larva into successive chambers. After that, many other genes are triggered in sequence like a waterfall and organs such as antennae, legs and wings sprout in each part. The anatomy that was hidden from view is now becoming visible.

Genes that map to fly larvae are not unique to flies. Similar genes exist in all animals and perform the same function. The same mapped genes are found from earthworms to crabs to humans. It's amazing to think that even though the animals look different, they basically follow the same construction methods.

There is no reason for this.

The first multicellular organisms that lived 570 million years ago developed these structural gene sets. From them spread to all other living organisms. Aren't we proud that the grandson has all the qualities of the grandfather...we should also be happy that we have the qualities of a worm that lived and died!